Rizal’s Life

When the book starts, Ibarra is returning to the Philippines after a 7 year absence, and he is reunited with his lover, mare Clara. He also learns the details of his induces death, which was ca spendd by one of his fathers political opponents in his home town of Binondo, Manila. tyro Damaso is one of the religious/political figures in Binondo who dislikes Ibarras dad. By accusing Ibarras dad of being a heretic, and by using the death of a local student to make him look bad, Father Damaso turned the community against Ibarras dad, and had him throw in jail where he got sick and died.Ibarras father was disgraced further when his body was thrown into the lake period workers were transporting him between burial sites. After learning about the atrocities committed against his father, Ibarra does not seek revenge, but instead decides to build a school, which was well-nighthing his father had always plan to do. By building the school, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra repoints that he is genuin ely concerned about the education and welf atomic number 18 of the Filipino people, because he puts the political squabbling aside in order to stand by the community.Ibarra is nearly assassinated at the schools opening celebrations, but he is saved by a man named Elias. After the assassination attempt, Ibarra is thrown into jail for a crime that he did not commit. Elias again assists Ibarra by helping him escape from prison. As they are absconding in a gravy holder, Ibarra hides under some leaves. Elias jumps into the water in an attempt to fool the guards, but his plan fails and he is shot by the guards and left for dead. Since the guards think that they shot Ibarra, they cease their pursuit of the boat he is hiding on, and he escapes unharmed. ReflectionBase on my reflection the book Noli Me Tangre is about the problems and injustices experienced by the fictional character, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra. All of the problems he experiences are brought about by corrupt officials in the S panish government of his home town. And he revenge because for the death of his father. Insights One of Jose Rizals goals in writing the theme was to bring attention to the corruption present in the Spanish controlled government of the Philippines. Noli Me Tangre exposed corruption, created widespread controversy, and gave native Filipinos a sense of unity.Even until now in that respect still a corruption that we experiencing resulting of difficulty and poverty in life and in our country. Hope that there might a solution of this corrupt country. El Filibusterismo Simoun, a mysterious and powerful jeweller who is in good graces with the Captain General plots a coup d etat against the Spanish colonial government. He in secret abets the abuses committed against the natives in the hope of stirring them to rise up in revolt. To weaken the regime, he encourages corruption, using his immense wealth to foment injustice and chivy massive unrest.Unknown to all, Simoun is Juan Crisostomo I barra, a man who had been wrongfully accused of rebellion and condemned in a plot instigated by his enemies including a friar who had unchaste feelings for his fiancee, Maria Clara. Everybody thought Ibarra had been killed as a fugitive, but in truth he had escaped, enriched himself abroad and has returned to the Islands to avenge himself. He plans to take Maria Clara who, believing Ibarra is dead, had entered the convent. In the run of his plans, Simoun comes into contact with young idealistic Filipinos whom he wants to enlist to his cause.One of these is Basilio, one of the few who know his secret. He had been adopted by Kapitan Tiyago, a wealthy property owner and father of Maria Clara. Basilio is about to graduate as doctor of medicine and plans to marry Huli, his childhood sweetheart. Huli is the daughter of Kabesang Tales, a homesteader who had been dispossessed of his lands by the friars. glum outlaw, Kabesang Tales and other victims of injustice have been enlisted by Simo un in his plan to overthrow the government.Another student, Isagani, dreams of a progressive future for his country but his fiancee, Paulita, who shares his aunt Dona Victorinas prejudices against the natives, is not interested in them. Simouns plot is aborted when he learns that Maria Clara had died at the convent. Student leaders who have been advocating the opening of an academy for the teaching of the Spanish language hold a party where they lampoon the friars. The next day, posters are found encouraging sedition, and those suspected of involvement are arrested, including Basilio. His foster father having died, obody intercedes for him, fleck the rich and influential are released.Meanwhile, Huli is killed in the church after she had sought the help of the parish priest for the release of Basilio. Due to this tragedy, her grandfather, Tandang Selo, joins the outlaws. Embittered by Maria Claras death, Simoun plans another(prenominal) coup to be staged at the wedding reception for Paulita, who has been engaged to another man top government officials including the Captain general who are to appear would be blown away, the house being planted with explosives which will be detonated by a a device hidden in the lamp given as gift by Simoun to the newlyweds.Basilio, who has been released and now wants to take revenge is ordered by Simoun to lead in the spring up. At the appointed hour, the guests are terrified upon reading a note signed by Juan Crisostomo Ibarra his signature is recognized by Father Salvi, the friar who lusted after Maria Clara. Before the lamp could explode, Isagani, who has been warned by Basilio about the plot, barges in and throws the lamp into the river. Isagani escapes. The uprising again fails to take off, and the armed followersof Simoun, deprived of leadership or devoid of vision, resort to banditry.The lawlessness that reigns in the countrysides leads to harsh measures by the government in its efforts to show it is in control. The plo t at the wedding is finally traced to Simoun who escapes into a house near the ocean. After taking poison, he confesses to father Florentino, a Filipino priest, who tells him What is the use of independence if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow? After the death of Simoun, Father Florentino throws his treasure into the sea.

The Last Night Analysis

The Last Night At the beginning of the passage it is instantaneously established that the circumstances in which the deuce brothers, Andre and Jacob, be currently residing in are app whollying. These would be the same conditions that most of the Judaic passel would keep back been residing in prior to organism taken to tautness camps. We are aware that the conditions are poor as Faulks tells us that Andre was lying on the floor which implies that he has directlyhere else to sleep, it also shows how exhausted he must(prenominal) have been as young boys would non principlely be resting.We are also informed at the start of the passage that the boys are french- Judaic, by their micturates. As Andre lies on the floor a Jewish orderly comes round with postcards on which the deportees terminate write their nett message. This shows us that a percentage of the Jewish population were collaborating with the Nazis, although the Jewish orderly would have been lower than the Germans t hey still had a sense of responsibility. This could have looked like a betrayal from the view of the rest of the Jewish passel.Furthermore, heretofore though the Jewish orderly has joined forces with the Nazis he is still sneaking postcards for the Jewish people to write their final messages on. This portrays a sense of loyalty from the Jewish orderly. Here Faulks calls the Jewish people deportees which reminds us, after a pleasant picture of the Jewish orderlys loyalty, that they are being deported by force. Following on from this we are told that they are to write their final messages on the postcards which again enables us to reminisce on the circumstances. Faulks does this by utilise the word final.This emphasises that this potentially could be the last thing that the Jewish people ever write which truly illustrates to us the reality of the situation. The final message could also allude to Hitlers final solution which would portray how the Jewish people were regarded and cons equently the terrifying experience that they had to go through. However, the Jewish orderly does not take the postcards to send but instructs the Jewish people to throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. This not only shows us the collaboration from the Jewish orderly, as he would not help them any further.The Jewish people were told to throw their postcards from the train, this implies that they would throw the postcards from the train with the hope that a French person would find it and send it on. This reminds us that, although the French person may have sent the postcard on, there was still a great amount more of French people in France at that time rather than Germans. This shows us that the French people have subconsciously, or roughly consciously, collaborated with the Germans. Faulks then uses the same technique that he used earlier in the passage by creating a pleasant image for the reader followed by a glimpse of reality.He does this here by co nstructing a pleasing image of the Jewish peoples final messages being found and sent on to then remind the reader that they are in fact on their steering to a death camp. As the Jewish people write their final messages we are informed that there are two or three pencils being passed around, pencils that had survived the barracks search. Yet again this gives us an idea ab emerge the type of environment that the brothers are in as Parisian buses can hold around intravenous feeding hundred people yet there are only two to three pencils.The fact that they are not even allowed to have pencils portrays how the Jewish people were treated. During this Faulks includes that the Jewish people had been through the barracks search which once more reminds us of their inevitable futures. How the Jewish people react while writing their postcards are in truth conveys their experience as some wrote with sobbing passion, some with punctilious care. The reader is immediately drawn to this as Faulks has used plosives within the sentence.This phrase shows us how people react differently in situations that they cannot control one phrase is emotional and effective, the other clipped and precise. Furthermore they would have believed that this letter is how they would have been remembered and as we are later told they viewed that their safety intimately depended on their letter. In addition the people writing with punctilious care could refer to the novel for the reason that as Faulks writes he does so vigilantly because he has not experienced what he is writing about, therefore he needs to choose his language carefully, given the cogitation is a serious matter.A woman comes round giving sandwiches and water to the baby birdren. We are told that the children clustered around the pail of water as they passed sardine cans from one to another. I think that you feel as though the woman is a caring person who would have made the children feel as comfortable as manageable throughout this conveys a pleasant image to the reader. Faulks uses the word pail instead of lay which could allude to the loss of colour and furthermore loss of hope of the Jewish people. The children clustered round the pail of water, while using sardine cans to drink from, once again presenting us with how the Jewish people were treated by the Germans. The sardine cans are passed from one to another which gives us the sense that they are suffering together and how the worst fount of humanity can often bring out the best side of humanity. While the younger children are drinking the water an older boy embraced the woman in his gratitude which shows us that he is so appreciative that he feels as if physical contact was needed to get across his appreciation, which is very rare for a teenage boy.This shows us how this experience would have had a vast effect on peoples behaviour. Once again Faulks uses the same technique to remind the reader of reality, by leading on from the older boy viewi ng his appreciation to telling us that the bucket was soon empty. The author now uses the word bucket instead of pail which could refer to the idea of a bucket list and the realisition that only a small percentage of the Jewish people would have made it out of the death camps alive. The phrase the bucket was soon empty also seems to carry a resonance beyond its basic meaning.After the woman left we are told that the brothers fall asleep with only the small hours of the darkness to go through. This refers to how slowly the hours go when you are attempting to sleep their lack of sleep also portrays the worry of the Jewish people. Faulks tells us that Andre was sleeping on the straw, the cheeselike bloom of his cheek laid, uncaring, in the fertilise. The fact that Andre was sleeping in dung and on straw implies that the Jewish people were treated like animals as Faulks makes the comparison.Furthermore Faulks grants us with a pleasant image of the soft bloom of Andres cheek which g ives us a pleasing illustration within the unpleasant illustration of the dung in which Andre is lying. Additionally Andres limbs are intertwined with Jacobs which also presents us with a pleasing image. These I believe show us that there is some hope, in terms of human contact, within a horrible circumstance. As the children slept, the adults in the room sat slumped against the walls, wakeful and talking in lowered voices. Faulks describes how the adults sat as being slumped against the walls, I feel that this gives a sense of depression and also resignation which portrays the atmosphere within the room. The adults are talking with lowered voices which demonstrates their reflectivity towards the children who have managed to sleep, the fact that the children are able to sleep reminds us of their innocence and therefore the terrible circumstances that only a small percentage of the children result become adults. Such thoughts are inevitable, given the date of the novel (1999) Faulk s only need to hint at such things.As the morning arrives water is passed around for anyone who is thirsty. We are told that anyone who did drink drank in silence which I believe gives us a sense of the unknown as everyone is waiting and pondering as to what will blow over next. As they drank there was the noise of an engine a familiar sound to many of them, the homely thudding of a Parisian bus. Most of the Jewish people in the room would have taken these buses in their day to day lives, to go to the shops or to go to school this shows us how something so familiar to them can change so rapidly to become something so unfamiliar.It is a homely thudding they hear which is extremely ironic that they are being transported to be killed using Parisian buses it once again gives us a sense of the collaboration between the French and the Germans. Before the Jewish people progress onto the buses there is a register taken. As the registration took place five white-and-green municipal buses sat in the corner of the yard, trembling. The white-and-green municipal buses are not just normal French buses but the buses of the capital, you almost get the sense that the buses trembled as they were afraid of where they were going.The trembling could also represent the fear of the Jewish people. The word municipal almost implies the buses are part of the collaboration in what was known as Vichy France. As a policeman called out names in alphabetical order the commander of the camp sat at a long table, not only does this again show us the collaboration between the French and Germans as it is a French gendarme calling out the names but it also gives us an idea of what the Germans were like.It is almost as if because the Germans are calling their names in alphabetical order it makes the situation more respectable. It is bizarre how the Germans made mass murder organised. As the registrations takes place Andres name is called and he moves towards the bus with Jacob, this shows us the adhesion between the brothers and their instinct to stick together as Jacobs name was not called. When Andres name is called it almost tells us that it was his destiny to be there, as if the register was a register of death that he could not have escaped from.While the brothers walked towards the bus we are told a woman was wailing from the other side of the courtyard and from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them. Firstly Faulks portrays the awful side to human nature as it is ironic that it is now dawn which should mark a new day and new hope yet the Jewish people remain hopeless however Faulks then shows us the best side of human nature as a woman throws her own food to put the childrens needs before her own.As the woman calls the brothers name it shows us the loss of their identity as they would have no longer been called by their names but by numbers. Briefly after this Andre looked up and by chance he cut a woman staring at a child, at first he believed that the woman was staring at the child with hatred however he soon realised she was attempting to fix a picture of the child so that she may have remembered forever.This shows us that, as Andre saw it by chance, there was luck within the awful circumstances however it also shows us how dreadful the circumstances were as a woman knows she would neer see the child again and was trying to fix an image so that she could remember forever. As Andre mounted the bus we are told that he held on hard to Jacob, I believe that it is ironic that the Jewish people were mounting the bus which is a positive motion, yet they were being transported to their deaths.Furthermore Faulks uses alliteration as he held on hard, this phrase underlines the desperation of the brothers as you get the sense that they believe if they hold on tightly to one another it will value them. Some children could not manage to get onto the buses as they were too small which highlights how young some of the J ewish people were and once again reminds us of the irate reality that only a small percentage of these children would have become adults.Andres bus was momentarily delayed as a baby of a few months was being lifted into the back of the bus, this once again shows us how awful the situation was as the baby was so young yet the Germans would have not hesitated to kill it. The babys wooden crib was hung over the passenger rail this is contradictory as the Jewish people are no longer passengers but prisoners. As the bus leaves the headlights lit up a cafe opposite before the driver turned the wheel and headed for the station. This shows us that all of this was done before the day began which shows us once again how organised the Germans were.Furthermore the headlights lit up a cafe which again shows great irony as cafes are a symbol of Paris, the city of love and hope, yet the Jewish people are hopeless. The driver turning the wheel could allude to the wheel of dowery as the wheel is headed for the cafe, an image of hope and joy, yet is turned the other way which will eventually lead to their deaths. I think that this passage was redact well, for the anthology, so that it leaves people wondering what happens next and also ends on the contradicting images of the Parisian cafe and the final destination.

Assignment †Distributed Computing Essay

The CTO is still impressed with your work. He just came back from a technology exposition where he heard approximately estimator clusters. All he knows is that they are the big thing for businesses and he wants to explore the technology. Write a five page research essay explaining computer clustering, benefits, challenges, and potential applications. Essay should focus on one type of clustering application (file server, database, load balancing, web hosting, data processing) and detail the use of goods and services potential setup (high availability or load balancing), type (COTS vs. blade clusters) and network connectivity.RequirementsEssay should be five pages of content presenting an explanation of computer clustering, benefits, challenges, and potential applications. Minimum concepts to enshroud and explain in the essay are clusters, high availability, load balancing, COTS vs. blade clusters, network connectivity for computers in a cluster. Paper should conform to the APA st yle and hence volition be longer because, of course, you will include a title page, abstract, table of contents, and a references page in addition to the actual content pages required write Assignment requirementsWritten work should be free of spelling, grammar, and APA errors. Points deducted from the grade for each writing, spelling, or grammar error are at your instructors discretion.Assignment Requirements/ rate Rubric1. Demonstrated college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard American English 2. Examined the concept of clusters and provided well documented explanation 3. Examined and explained the use of clusters to provide high availability and load balancing 4. Examined computer clustering benefits, challenges, and potential applications 5. Demonstrated good understanding of the technologies and provided good arguments and explanations to back up assertions and points

Social Network Marketing & Its Effectiveness

Introduction The objective of this review is to explore what the research says about companionable entanglement merchandise and its speciality. The first curl up of internet revolution ( vane 1. 0) brought consumers e-commerce. The second wave, Web 2. 0 evolved into a much robust and interactive experience, allowing consumers to participate and sh are cultivation effectively, Social entanglement media such as Facebook, Tweeters, etc. have grown rapidly. Users are not besides teens however also adults. The popularity of smartphones, hand-held tablet figurers, computer notebooks also help the increase in popularity of using these sites.For instance, brotherly net work media have replaced e-mails to become the most popular communication tools. To marketing practitioners, this wave of digital revolution slewnot be ignored. More than that Web 2. 0 enable consumers to pass on content and share. This change is totally different from conventional marketing, in which firms generat e content or contents to bombard users and potential users (such as advertising). It is now not a question of whether a company should use digital media, but how they can maximize the benefit from the rise of these new media meshwork.It may not mean that conventional marketing tools such as advertising impart be replaced overnight, but social meshing media should be able to synergize conventional progressal tools. Thus, naturally the question of tracking and measuring social network media and its ROI will be asked, which will be addressed in this paper. The use of social network media in consumer marketing is well established. Its application in education, healthcare, and also in pharmaceutical promotion are also explored. Word of spill merchandising To begin with, the concept of word of brim marketing is explored.Marketers recognized that the conversations among customers are powerful influence of harvest-tide adoptions (Ryan and Gross 1943 Rogers 1962). Traditionally, marke ters develop message to influence selective consumers (who may be early users) and these consumers help propagate the proceeds message to other consumers. More educate marketers will identify influencers in the group of potential consumers (or opinion leaders) and influence them. Thereafter, these opinion leaders can help propagate marketers message to other consumers.In web 2. 0 err, consumers will participate in the whole marketing communication process. They will coproduce content to be shared in their chosen network. Hence, Word of Mouth model has evolved from a consumer-to-consumer process in the past to a opinion leader to consumer model, and most recently, a network coproduction model (Figure 1. ) Marketers do not only influence the selective consumers (opinion leaders) in the launch phase, but also have to monitor the process of consumer to consumer messaging.The coproduction model of word of mouth marketing is further pictured by Adrian Palmer and Nicole Koenig-Lewis. In their article An experiential, social network-based approach to direct marketing, the authors proposed a framework of 3 elements of the social network environment the seller, the customer and the association (Figure 2). In this model, the traditional interface for direct marketings has been between the seller and the customers, represented by the hatched area. With the introduction of the participation element, the customer interacts with self-selected communities.Sellers need to interact with selected communities to extend to a variety of benefits, including spreading of positive word of mouth and gathering information about buyers needs and preferences. The challenge is how to balance the interest of the sellers, the customers and the community, and this is represented in the overlapping area of the 3 circles. Figure 2. Direct marketing in a social network Success Factors for Social Network Sites Shu-Chuan Chu and Yoojung Kim studied the de edgeinants of consumer participatio n in social networking sites (Chu & Kim 2011).Based on literature review, the authors identifies 5 determinants tie extendure, homophily, trust, normative and informational interpersonal influence as important antecedent to eWOM behavior in SNSs. string Strength Tie strength refers to the potency of the bond between members of a network (Mittal et al. 2008, p. 196). Example of strong tie strength is family members, whereas weak tie strength is colleagues. Strong tie were more likely to be activated for the flow of referral behavior. The hypothesis is that SNS users perceived tie strength with their contacts is positively related to their engagement n eWOM behaviors in SNSs.Homophily Homophily refers to the degree to which individuals who interact with one another are congruent or similar in certain attributes (Rogers & Bhowmik 1970). The assumption is that people with simailar characteristics, such as age & character may come together to form community. Hence, the hypothesis is that SNS users perceived homophily with their contacts is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviours in SNSs. religion Trust is defined as a willingness to rely on an exchange partner in whom one has confidence (Moorman et al. 1993, p. 82).In todays popular SNS, users share information with their own real network and thus, significantly increase the level of trust. Therefore, the hypothesis is SNS users perceived trust in their contacts is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. prescriptive influence Normative influence refers to the tendency to conform to the expectations of others. It affects attitudes, norms and values (Burnkrant & Cousineau 1975). The hypothesis is that SNS users susceptibility to normative influences is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. Informational influenceInformational influences, on the other and, bring up the tendency to accept information from knowledgeable others and be guided in product, brand and store search (Bearden et al. 1989 Deutsch & Gerard 1955). The hypothesis is that SNS users susceptibility to informational influences is positively related to their engagement in eWOM behaviors in SNSs. These factors were tested in an on-line survey of the college students on their 3 operationalized engagement opinion seeking, opinion giving and opinion passing. The findings of the admit are Tie strength is positively associated with eWOM behavior.On the other hand, a negative relationship was found between homophily and eWOM in SNSs. Trust is found to be positively restore engagement with eWOM. Normative and informational influences are important for the engagement, but informational influence in opinion giving is not determined. Implications The results from this study suggest that advertisers must take social relationship factors into account and develop personalized marketing communications strategies to fulfil SNS users needs. Insight into Network Co-pro duction of Product Messaging That marketers may not have generous control in the product messaging in social etwork marketing, Kozinets, de Valck, Woinicki & Wilner studied a mobile phone launch campaign using social network media (blogs) (Kozinets, de Valck, Woinicki & Wilner 2010). 83 bloggers were seeded with a new mobile phone and their blogs were monitored for 6 months. The bloggers were selected based on their traffic on their blogs. There is no obligation for the bloggers to spell out or not write. This study gave detailed analysis of the posts and provide good insight and lessons learnt from a commercial program used in social network media. The study found that bloggers can be categorized based on their character style.For instance, in the study at least 4 types are identified, 1. citizen journalist, 2. loving mother, 3. satirical exhibitionist, and 4. the making-ends-meet professional blogger. Four narrative strategies are identified (Figure 3) evaluation, embracing, e ndorsement and explanation. Which strategy to be adopted depends on the bloggers character, the governing norm in the community and the commercial element in the WOMM. The study found that the motivation for consumers to participate in the co-production of WOM are more complex and culturally embeded, shaped by communal interests and communicative orientations and charged with moral hazard.WOM communicators demonstrate their need to balance inherent commercial-communal tensions while being consistent with the character elements of their ongoing narratives. It is also found that WOMM message and their attendant meanings will be altered by communicators in ways taht are attuned to a range of different individual and communal factors. The managerial implications from the study are the followings. Firstly, managers should pay attention to not only the quantity (so-called amplification by advertising professional), but also quality of the consumer-generated messages.Secondly, consumers th at play the role of communicators should be further explored, classified and devloped. Thirdly, managers should proactively explore the norms assococaited with the communication network. Marketer also need to rethink whether some degree of control must be imposed in a WOM campaign. For instance, in the current study, that bloggers are free to write and even disclose their relationship with the firm can generate negative WOM and distrust in the community. More important this study also suggests that managers have an opportunity to encoruage particular narrative stategies that may be ideal for their product.Figure 3 Social Network Marketing vs Traditional Marketing? Studies shown that social network marketing (word of mouth marketing) and traditional marketing work synergistically (Onishi & Manchanda 2012 Trusov, Bucklin & Pauwels 2008). In a Japanese study, how blogs and advertising interact during product launch in movie and cell phone categories were studied. The study found that a dvertising will stimulate blogging activities during product pre-launch, and effect is less apparent post launch (Onishi & Manchanda 2012).In another study (Trusov, Bucklin & Pauwels 2008), electronic word of mouth (eWOM) programs of a social network site were compared with PR programs (media appearance and Events) in terms of the effectivity in generating new sign-ups. The founding is that eWOM is more effective than media appearance and events. However, it is also observed that eWOM and PR work synergistically. The studies also showed that blogging and eWOM effects are more long-lasting. The effectiveness of Social Media MarketingIn the article by Hoffman and Fodor (Hoffman & Fodor 2010), the authors attempted to address the ROI metric of social network marketing. As social network sites are now easily careful by search of your brands blogs or data mining, quantative measurement seems to be ppssible. Some people may want a simple direct short term sales against direct costs. The authors caution whether this is a suitabke measurement of social network effectiveness. Nevertheless, we know that Social network marketing can substituted traditional marketing.As traditional marketing such as TV advertising is expensive, by allocating a certain amount of promotional budget to digital marketing can definitely slew cost and achieve more or less same results. Another benefit of social network marketing is the improvement of market research by direct communicating with users and thus, significantly saving the amount of market research costs. To meaningfully measure ROI of social media marketing, the authors suggest to begin with identifying the objectives of a particular social marketing campaign in order to take into consideration of different nature of social network media (figure 4).In short, brand awareness, brand engagement and word of mouth effect can be measured. Figure 4 References Donna L. Hoffman, Marek Fodor 2010. Can You Measure the ROI of Your Social Me dia Marketing? MIT Sloan Management Review 52,1(Fall) 41-49. Fue Zeng, Li Huang, Wenyu Dou 2009. Journal of Interactive advertisement 10,1 1-13. Hirishi Onishi, Puneet Manchanda 2012. Marketing activity, blogging and sales. Intern. J. of Research in Marketing 29 221-234.Shu-Chuan Chu, Yoojung Kim 2011, Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites, International Journal of Advertising 30,1 47-75. Robert V Kozinets, Kristine de Valck, Andrea C Wojnick and Sarah JS Wilner 2010, Networked Narratives Understanding Word-of-Mouth Marketing in Online Communities, Journal of Marketing, 74 (March) 71-89. Louise Kelly, Garyle and Judy Drennan 2010, Avoidance of Advertising in Social Networking sites the Teenage Perspective, Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10, 25(Spring) pp. 16-27.

Harshness of Life Essay

doubting Thomas and cover have twain written poems ab by the harshness of life. Compargon and contrast two poems, one by each poet, pickings account of the situation and tones of the speakers, and the form, structure and delivery including imagery, which each poet uses to subject the theme of the harshness of life in two poems you have studied. Frost and Thomas both write about the harshness of life in their poetry. I believe the poems Out, Out by Frost and The Owl by Thomas best garnish this.Frost choosing to show this through the impact of a hard days work on a little boy whereas Thomas uses an owls cry to connect the lifes of a solider and the poor/homeless to show the similarity in their lives. Both poets emphasise the same theme but their techniques take issue to present this. The title Out,Out has an ominous tone to it, the title is a quote that Frost has used from Macbeth, Out, damned spot, out, this is in reference to the scene where Lady Macbeth dies. From the precise beginning of the poem, Frost has set a menacing, close to tormenting tone eminently refering to the harsness of life.In comparision, we look at Thomass title The Owl. Owls are known to be solitary animals, many cultures, for example the Africans and the Middle East, believe that owls are harbingers of death or bad omens. Both poets have used their titles to immediatley go the reader into the theme of the poem. Frost use of blank verse gives the poem more freedom within his lexical field, blank verse also gives Frosts poem a matter of fact tone to it, Call it a day, I wish they might have said within the language used by Frost a sense is evoked that the day is an ordinary experience.Within the same lines we are given the inevitability of the boys death, this line is almost a plea for mercy automatically concentrating on the foreboding tragedy. Similarily Thomas uses simplistic language in a narrative tone to show the reflections of the speaker. Thomass The Owl has casual ryhtm to it, the use of abcb lines keeps the flow of the poem conversational and effectively keeps the reader interested through the ease of reading. While both poets differ in methods, Thomas using four lined stanzas in contrast to the blank verse of Frost, each depicts the theme strongly.Frosts use of imagery in the rural setting, five mountain ranges creates a sense of insignifance to the boys misfortune of losing his hand. With gentle imagery at the beginning of his poem, Under the sunset far into Vermont, the unpredictability of the contingency only further highlights the harshness of life. The personification used with the saw, leaped out of the boys hand, emphasises the horror of the tradgey. Within the phrase big boy Doing a mans work, though a child at heart, Frost chooses to show us how the gruesomeness and strain of the boys accident could easily have been avoided if he carried out an average little boys life.Thomass description of the setting differs from Frosts approach. Thomas , from the beginning sets a tone of desperation with the speakers state, hungry, cold, banal. The bleak tone of the poem gives a sense of reflection within the speaker. Thomas uses the owls cry to maintain the theme, with his repitition of sound and syllables no dexterous note, nor cause of merriment, he highlights once more the harshness of life.

Marie Antoinette: Research Paper

Melissa Arias Alma Aguilar policy-making Science 101 24 September 2012 Marie Antoinette Let them eat cake is probably one of the most recited quotes around the world, which is known to be spoken by the last puff of France, Marie Antoinette. Although often reffered to as The Party Queen or in other words, the Queen who danced while her commonwealth starved. But what umteen fail to recognize is the fact that Marie Antoinette was the Queen who cared for her people. The only think she cared for much than the welfare of her people, was the welfare of her children.In order for one to understand and adjudge the powerfulness to fully understand the French Revolution, and Monarchy, one must go back and analyze Marie Antoinettes personal background, her policy-making contributions and achievements, and her political influences. Personal Background Marie Antoinette (Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria) was born in Vienna, Austria on November 2nd, 1755. She was the fifteenth child, and eleventh (and last) girl of the Emperor Francis 1st of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Austria, at the head of the Habsburg dynasty(Moore 3).Francis 1st died in August 1765, leaving his get married cleaning lady and his elder son to co-rule his empire. To promote diplomatic relationships with France, Marie Antoinette was asked to marry Louis Auguste, the Dauphin of France (Campan 3). With the conclusion of the Seven Years War in 1763, an adherence between Austria and France became a priority for Empress Maria Theresa cementing alliances finished matrimonial connections was a common practice among European royal families at the time. In 1765, the son of French Emperor Louis XV, Louis Ferdinand, died, leaving his 11-year-old grandson Louis Auguste heir to the French throne.Within months, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were promise to marry each other. A child of only 14 days, delicately beautiful with gray-blue eyes and blond hair, in May 1770, Marie Antoinette set out for Fr ance to be married, escorted by 57 carri ripens, 117 footmen and 376 horses. On May 16, 1770, Marie Antoinette and Louis Auguste were married. (Campan 6) Louis XV passed a elbow room in 1774, and Louis Auguste succeeded him to the French throne as Louis XVI, making Marie Antoinette, at 19 years old, Queen of France(Barker 9).However, as personalities went Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette could not have been more different. He was introverted, shy and indecisive, a raw sienna of solitary pleasures such as reading and metalwork. She was vivacious,outgoing and bold, a social butterfly who loved gambling, partying and extravagant fashions. Political Influences and Development Though many have argued that Marie Antoinette did not have any political development or influences, due to her social and eccentric ways, Marie always referred to someone in her life as the main character reference of admiration. Her Mother, Queen Maria Theresa, Marie often spoke of her with profound respect, but she based all her schemes for the education of her children on the essentials which had been neglected in her own(Barker 9). Maria Theresa, often was inspired awe by her great qualities, taught the Archduchesses to veneration and respect rather than to love her. The Empress was too much taken up with high political interests to have it in her power to devote herself to maternal attentions. (Campan 8) The hassocks influence on domestic policy before 1789 has overly been exaggerated. Her interference in politics was usually in order to obtain jobs and money for her friends. It is true, however, that she usually impertinent the efforts of reforming ministers such as A. R. J. Turgot (17271781) and became involved in court scandals against them. ( Moore 12 ) Activities such as the diamond necklace affair, where the queen was accused of having an improper relationship with a wealthy church official in exchange for an high-ticket(prenominal) necklace, increased her unpopularity and le d to a stream of pamphlets and articles against her(Barker 11).The fact that after the birth of her children Marie Antoinettes way of life became more restrained did not alter the popular image of an immoral and extravagant woman. As soon as the arrival of a stranger of rank at Vienna was made known, the Empress brought her family about her, admitted them to her table, and by this project meeting induced a belief that she herself presided over the education of her children. Contributions and WrittingsFrom the beginning of the revolution, Marie Antoinette and Louis had hopes for a compromise in other words, a constitution that would include the monarchy. Trying to re-establish normalcy, Marie Antoinette continued her generous patronage of the poor children of Paris. At the fireworks celebrating the marriage of the young prince and princess in May 1774, there was a stampede in which many people were killed. Louis and Antoinette gave all of their private spending money for a year to r elieve the suffering of the victims and their families. (Campan 2)Marie-Antoinettes reputation for fragrance and mercy became even more entrenched in 1774, when as the new Queen she asked that the people be relieved of a tax called The Queens belt, customary at the beginning of each reign. Belts are no daylong worn, she said. She also spent as much time as possible with her own children, particularly the dauphin. (Moore, 8). much(prenominal) of the writings Marie wrote was her diary which is filled with a young girls feelings about her arranged marriage.She describes a French tap dominated by intricate rules of etiquette and protocol and excessive attention to fashion and grooming. In her last letter, Marie-Antoinette wrote to her sister-in-law Madame Elisabeth rejoicing is doubled when shared with a friend. ( Campan 4 )In those words are contained the value she placed on experience to her happiness. The queen had a great capacity for friendship, although she was not always s mart in her choice of companions. endpoint The point of revolution and resistance in 18th-century France is a complicated one, and no two historians tell the story the same way.However, it is clear that for the revolutionaries, Marie Antoinettes significance was mainly, powerfully symbolic. She and the people around her seemed to represent everything that was wrong with the monarchy and the second Estate They appeared to be tone-deaf, out of touch, disloyal (along with her allegedly treasonous behavior, writers and pamphleteers frequently accused the queen of adultery) and self-interested( Moore 17 ). What Marie Antoinette was actually like was beside the point the image of the queen was far more influential than the woman herself. Marie Antoinette was the Austrian born child bride of the future King Louis XVI of France. It was an arranged marriage designed to (hopefully) create a better relationship between the two countries which was a common practice by the Monarchy to reduce conflicts and state of war between Nations(Campan 7). The French people resented the Austrian Queen and she was the subject of numerous rumors that she had been planted in France as a spy, was a spendthrift, was cold, cruel, evil, mean and any number of other charges.In truth, she was a well educated woman with excellent regal poise, she was a well qualified linguist, played the Harp with great versatility, was an accomplished horse fancier and was considered to be an excellent mother to her four children. She was put to death during the French Revolution at the age of 37 on 16 October 1793. (Marie Antoinette Biography 3) Marie Antoinette was a symbol of goodness and of everything that was right with the French monarchy. to a fault as queen, she made many changes that affected Frances system of government and law.Marie had abolished the law of segregated dining spaces, as she felt it was wrong. She had gained popularity with people of France at first with her generosity as she c ontinuosly gave to the poor of Paris. After the Revolution, Marie faced the women who stormed Versailles and when her family and her were pressure to live in Paris as prisoners she never lost hope that she would find a way to get out and hold her familys reputation as well as her political career tear down after the Republic was proclaimed in 1792, and her husband was executed. (Barker 5) Despite the tragic outcome of Marie Antoinettes life, she never fiendish her people. She remained a devoted mother and wife, although her life as the Queen of France ended in a moments notice. Although many through time have viewed her as a shallow, weak and a self- indulgent person. But through recent years many historians have concluded the opposite seen more as a lively, misunderstood, and gracious character. She was a devoted mother,making sure her children were well educated, and cherished.And even when she knew her life was coming to an end, she made sure her children were in safe hands. And as Queen, she wanted the best for her people, giving generous donations and contributions to the minority. Marie Antoinette as a person and a friend was quite possibly one of her best traits, marked through history. The Political side of her and her family post was the main source of The French Revolution. She was proud to be french, but in the end all the hopes she had for her area demolished right before her eyes. But as terrible as she might be visualised in your history books.Marie Antoinette will always be the last Queen France ever had. Bibliography Barker, Nancy. Let Them take Cake The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. Historian (Summer 1993) 709-25. Madame Campan. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. N. p. Barker, n. d. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. . Marie Antoinette Biography. Marie Antoinette Biography. N. p. , 01 July 2012. Web. 25 Aug. 2012. . Moore, Marianne. Marie Antoinette. New World Encyclopedia. N. p. , 03 Apr. 2007. Web. 01 Sept. 2012. .

Gender Equity Issues in Antigone Essay

In our present day, many believe they should be enured fairly regardless of their race, religious beliefs, or gender. When gender equity is put on the table as the main discussion we may find women to have more aggressive opinions and views rather than men. Some volition suggest this is due to the thousands of years women have been limited to certain rights that men ar so freely able to obtain. Greek men are born and viewed as the superior being while women eccentric limits on their freedom and justice. They are, however, given restrictive rules and faithfulnesss that do non apply equally to their counterpart.According to unmatchable analysis of Antigone, women individuality were vio freshd and hidden while they were subjugated by a mans desire(Karim, 2012). In Antigone, Sophocles changes the script of many before him, as he displays his main character, Antigone, a adventurous and respectful charr, who has great beliefs in the Gods. Antigone is quick to put her family befo re the law as she goes against the kings orderliness. Antigone can be looked upon as a great leader of society except theres one problem she is a woman which has great effects on the actions she wishes to take.Even though Ismene, Antigones sister, understands her decision she goes along with the kings order to keep from dis observeing the law. Antigone feels that the king, Creon, is being unjust when he doesnt allow her to give her brother, Polynices, a proper burial. Creon becomes devastated when he finds come to the fore that its a woman who has in public defied him. There are factors, such as, catastrophes, wars, and events that have effects on the polish, history, and politics of one society. However, sometimes domesticated issues can also cause great debate and reflect large concerns g overning society and culture (Rokem, 2006).Antigones rebellious act upset gender roles and terroren the Greek culture. Women in the Greek high society In Ancient Greece it was very common for men to have a dominant role. Men were extremely involved in politics and it was very rare to see women engage in jobs that were thought to be more suited for men. Women stayed in the home and if they worked they normally held jobs as maids or servants. Men looked for wives who didnt direct such(prenominal) but instead kept to their cleaning, weaving, and caring for the children. Women were forbidden to go against the beliefs of men and if they spoke out against a man then harsh consequences would follow.The Consequences Antigone Will Bare In Sophocles, Antigone, Creon sees Antigone as a threat to his society. He hates that a woman is going against his first order as king. He makes it clear that Polynices is non to be buried but pass on remain on the field of battle to rot. When Antigone, a woman, buries her brother, Polynices, Creon is devastated. Creon feels Antigone is try to rule over him. She is thought of as disobeying Creon and the law he has set forth. He wants to m ake an pattern of her and punish her for going against his law and his gender role.Creon The Male Role Throughout the play, Antigone, Creon displays his feeling of women time after time. He doesnt hold back his beliefs that men are dominant and should never be over powered by any woman. Creon states to Antigone, while I live, no woman shall rule me (Sophocles, Jebb trans). Creon feels that Antigone is out of order by dissenting him. He hates that Antigone is breaking the law but he also hates the fact that as a woman she is going against him. Creon Creon The Male Role doesnt apportion that his son, Haemon, has asked Antigone to marry him.Once Antigone breaks the law and confesses her beliefs to him, Creon will not approve of her as a wife for his son. He has to terminate her womanly courage and judgment of conviction her to death. Many women in the kingdom probably felt the same as Antigone but they dare not express them to a man. Ismene even felt that Antigone was being treated unjustly but she remained in her woman role and would not stand with Antigone. At one point she couldnt understand why Antigone was reacting in such an unlawful way. Ismene Beliefs as a Woman Many readers may feel that Ismene was nothing more than a coward.Some may ask how she could stand by and allow someone to disrespect her stagnant brother. Unfortunately, Ismene beliefs and actions were those of many women in their society. It was expected of Ismene, as a woman, to follow the word of man and his law. Ismene is willing to defy the Gods in order to respect the laws of man. She is afraid of Creon and she allows herself to be governed by him. She is like all other women in her society who know their boundaries. Ismene kept her inner thoughts to herself. She was upset that no one else in the town would not stand and support Antigones decision.Ismene displays her feelings of being a woman to Antigone as she says, Nay we must remember, first, that we are born women, as who should not strive with men next, that we are ruled of the stronger, so that we must obey in these things (Sophocles, Jebb trans). Ismene beliefs are common in comparison to other women in her society but Antigone was not going to stand by and allow men to defy the Gods, even if it meant death for her. A resolute Woman The character, Antigone, was an interesting and dynamic role due to her personal traits.Antigone held her personal convictions tightly and her beliefs in the Gods tighter. She held her inscription first to the gods rather than to the mortal institutions of man. Antigone was not just a rebellious role but was much different than other docile women of her day. Despite being a woman, Antigone is not afraid of disobeying Creons law nor is she afraid to tell Creon how she has no respect for him. Antigone was being punished for following the Gods which were of higher statue than Creons law. She stated, I have longer to please the dead than please the living her in the kingdom down b elow, Ill lie forever.Do as you please and dishonor the laws the gods hold in honor (Sophocles, Jebb trans). She will not defy the Gods to please Creon and takes her death sentence lightly. Creon hates that Antigone wont go against her beliefs. She knows she is being used as an example to show other women how to not act. It takes the Gods to interrupt Creons death sentence to Antigone. Unfortunately, it comes too late and before Creon can release Antigone she has already taken her own life. Thoughts of Antigone Antigone is a reminder of how women were mistreated in previous societies.Even though the play ends tragically, Antigone will never be forgotten as a woman who stood up close to her beliefs regardless if she was cast away by an authoritive male figure. She didnt care if she had to stand alone but she was willing to die rather than obey mans law and dishonor the Gods. Karim (2012) suggests, routine fundamental subject of burial of the dead created conflict relative to law, rel igion, and culture. It also generated vital debate on a womans status. Thoughts of Antigone Antigone was a role model to other women because she remained adjust to her religion by going against the culture and law of her society.